关于片名，我们暂时用使用英文原名《Donnie Darko》好了，因为《惊魂28天》还略微贴谱，而《死亡幻觉》这个译名是否贴切，正是本文将会讨论一个重点问题。
可能《蝴蝶效应》给人的浓重压抑影响了我重新审视这部老片。《蝴蝶》成片是在2004年，是《Donnie Darko》（2001）的晚辈，然而《蝴蝶》比《D》获得了更多的关注和认可，恐怕原因是《蝴蝶》更容易让人看懂。在多年之后重温这部8岁的老片时，我不觉还是想分析一下影片的逻辑和隐喻。
影片的大体情节是这样的：
Donnie是一个患有梦游症的高中生，他心地善良、求知欲强，脑子里充满了对世界的种种猜测和希望，并拥有一个和睦的家庭。但他在学校并不受欢迎，非线性的思维模式使Donnie不能轻易苟同老师和同学们的行为和思想，往往与群体对立就是错误的，哪怕群体的认知本来是错的——这是千百年来不变的真理。于是Donnie越来越孤僻。
一个夜晚，Donnie又一次梦游，由一个穿着兔子形状面具的神秘来客Frank带离自己的家，同时一个从天而降的飞机引擎击中了他的卧室。逃离死亡浩劫的Donnie信任Frank，Frank警告Donnie还有28天的时间，世界末日便会来临。随后，Donnie在Frank的指引下，用梦游中行为或是主动的作为完成了不可能完成的任务（Frank的布置），更加深了Donnie对Frank的信任感。
在28天中，Donnie获得了Gretchen的倾慕和信任，他发现自己已经爱上这个命运多舛却美丽温柔的姑娘。Gretchen也将成为Donnie面对自己命运的最终动力。
随着Donnie按Frank的指示一次有一次做出惊人之举（不多说，请看影片^_^），Donnie开始相信世界末日的到来，并向他的物理老师求教时空旅行的知识。物理老师Kenneth给了他一本书，《The Philosophy Of Time Travel》（流行的翻译是《时空旅行奥义书》）。书的作者是曾在学校教过书的一位老太太，她神秘的生活在众人周围，主流之外，怪异的生活行为让她蒙上了一层厚重的神秘感。Donnie决定通过迎合她的怪异行为来向她请教，最终发现人的行为与未来似乎都是上天的安排既定。
在末日来临前夕，Donnie和Gretchen在万圣节之夜被学校同学（经常捣乱的小混混）劫持，争斗和混乱中Gretchen被疾驰来的汽车撞死，愤怒和绝望的Donnie用手枪干掉了Frank（汽车驾驶员，同时是那只兔子）。而此刻，Donnie的母亲和妹妹正坐在演出归来的飞机上，一抹乌云似乎象征末日（黑洞吞噬世界）的来临。
对生活彻底绝望的Donnie回到现实生活的原点，在飞机引擎坠入他的卧室时并未跟从Frank逃避死亡，而用自己的一个微笑迎接所有人的曙光，破除了28天的末日诅咒。
影片的大体情节基本如此，其中有不少旁支没有进行叙述，请影迷见谅，也建议大家亲自观看影片。这样的情节说明的是什么问题，就是我们要详细讨论的内容了。
查一句嘴（^_^），本文最后会为大家附上我从电影官网摘录的《The Philosophy Of Time Travel》，我不想曲解原意，更不希望各位简单轻信很多网站和博客里面的中文翻译。有能力的朋友还是自己通读一下吧，对理解影片有很大的帮助。基于对影片的感受，我的分析也许并不准确，但给朋友们提供一种参考吧。
让我们做第一种大胆假设：假如《The Philosophy…》中所写的内容在影片中被认定为真实的，那么……
首先是关于平行宇宙和时空穿梭，这是该逻辑建立的基础。用水为介质，铁为容器，进行“时空旅行”（或称之为“神游”），是在多个平行宇宙中进行切换的方法。平行宇宙中的事件可以为相关平行宇宙的未来做出预测。
接着我们就可以分析，Frank必然来自于与现实平行的另一个宇宙，因为穿着兔子装的Frank已经身中一枪，他是来警告Donnie即将发生的一切。Donnie在房间中未被飞机引擎砸中开始，全部都是Frank安排给Donnie看的另一个平行宇宙中已经发生过的情景，而这个结局最终是世界毁灭。该推理有另一个可能的猜测和一个镜头的支撑：猜测，引擎坠落的时候Donnie即便没有Frank引路，也会梦游离开房间，死不了，而接下来发生的一切都将变成现实；支撑，Donnie在等待引擎落下的时候是清醒的、微笑的，说明这时候Donnie知道危险到来，而他选择牺牲自己来拯救末日危机中的每一个人。
此推测须认真解读《The Philosophy…》，如果你真的看懂了，那么恭喜你，建立在信任本片的基本逻辑的基础上，你会对影片理解比我上面写的更多的东西。
第二种大胆假设：假如Donnie所经历的一切都是死亡瞬间的幻觉……
这里就提到了中文译名的问题。假如真的本片描写的内容是Donnie死亡瞬间的幻觉和心理的安慰，那么完全可以说的通，因为影片合理的逻辑发展只是一个高中少年对自己人生的期待和绝望，死亡对他来说是快乐的，甚至影片结尾Donnie的微笑也是他幻觉的一部分。这是一个很写实的解释。但影片末尾所描写的种种与Donnie幻觉对应的情景恐怕只能是上苍安排的巧合，或者来源于死亡瞬间逻辑的准确。
从上面两种假设来看，“惊魂28天”代表了第一种假设，而“死亡幻觉”代表了第二种假设。究竟答案是什么，我们无从知晓，百度贴吧里面吵得沸沸扬扬，我看了他们的解释，觉得都有一定道理，却也都没有领会中文译名者真正的意图。我更愿意把影片称作《Donnie Darko》，影片本身就是一个谜，留给了我们这么多的猜测和联想，又何必把他人的逻辑否定掉呢？
我自己对影片当然也有一个判断，影片所讲述的故事最终是要传递给观众什么样的信息——关于人，人生，和价值。
人都有两面，光明与黑暗，影片中的每一个人物都是善良与邪恶的复合体，因为人活着，需要争夺的东西太多了，金钱、权利、欲望的满足等等。正如影片中的一个情节所述，简单划分的话，love和fear构成了人性格的两个极端。导演通过Donnie的口中告诉我们，没有这么简单，人很复杂，人可以因为真正的人生价值抛弃爱与恐惧的控制。人生的价值究竟是什么，也在这里得到展开。虽然本片没有英雄的出现，没有成功的象征，但影片的内涵蕴含在本片逻辑的的背后，让人们彻悟导演营造的是一个关于人生和价值的设问，答案很简单，生，可为，死，亦可为。Donnie最终的结局是“惊魂”也罢，他在选择用他的方式为人生添加意义和价值；是“幻觉”也罢，他至少知道自己即便死，也应该有所价值。这就是本片难能可贵的地方。
影片有个遗憾的地方，当然也可能是故意的悬念。最终我们也不知道究竟世界末日是谁的安排，以何种方式到来。但是我们可以这样假设，象征末日的那一抹乌云，也许是人心中的阴暗。影片尾声选择用万圣节之夜作为世界末日降临的前夜极具有戏剧冲突性和宗教色彩，假设影片的最终结局是Donnie坚持从房间走到Frank（或许是象征“命运”）的面前，那么末日（黑洞）的到来恐怕指的是人心的阴暗彻底战胜了光明（人性的自私和黑暗战胜了良知与本能），这才是真正意义上的末日来临罢……
所以，遗憾何尝不是开启另一个平行宇宙的门呢？让我们在影片留给我们的谜题中，尽情遨游属于自己的另一个世界吧。
附：
部分电影截图
兔子Frank出场
Donnie和Gretchen首次同路
Love&Fear
神秘的著书人
象征影片结局的命运之门——“地窖门”
万圣节之夜——象征人性魔鬼的爆发
黑洞——末日的象征
万圣节之夜——两个人的第一次也是最后一次亲密
The Final Smile
附：
“The Philosophy of Time Travel”
by Roberta Sparrow
Foreword
I would like to thank the sisters of the Saint John Chapel in Alexandria, Virginia for their support in my decision.
By the grace of God, they are:
Sister Eleanor Lewis
Sister Francesca Godiani
Sister Helen Davis
Sister Catherine Arnold
Sister Mary Lee Pond
Sister Virginia Wessex
This intent of this short book is for it to be used as a simple and direct guide in a time of great danger.
I pray that this is merely a work of fiction.
If it is not, then I pray for you, the reader of this book.
If I am still alive when the events foretold in these pages occur, then I hope that you will find me before it is too late.
Roberta Ann Sparrow
October, 1944
Chapter One
The Tangent Universe
The Primary Universe is fraught with great peril. War, plague, famine and natural disaster are common. Death comes to us all.
The Fourth Dimension of Time is a stable construct, though it is not impenetrable.
Incidents when the fabric of the fourth dimension becomes corrupted are incredibly rare.
If a Tangent Universe occurs, it will be highly unstable, sustaining itself for no longer than several weeks.
Eventually it will collapse upon itself, forming a black hole within the Primary Universe capable of destroying all existence.
Chapter Two
Water And Metal
Water and Metal are the key elements of Time Travel.
Water is the barrier element for the construction of Time Portals used as gateways between Universes as the Tangent Vortex.
Metal is the transitional element for the construction of Artifact Vessels.
Chapter Four
The Artifact And The Living
When a Tangent Universe occurs, those living nearest to the Vortex, will find themselves at the epicenter of a dangerous new world.
Artifacts provide the first sign that a Tangent Universe has occurred.
If an Artifact occurs, the Living will retrieve it with great interest and curiosity. Artifacts are formed from metal, such as an Arrowhead from an ancient Mayan civilization, or a Metal Sword from Medieval Europe.
Artifacts returned to the Primary Universe are often linked to religious Iconography, as their appearance on Earth seems to defy logical explanation.
Divine intervention is deemed the only logical conclusion for the appearance of the Artifact.
Chapter Six
The Living Receiver
The Living Receiver is chosen to guide the Artifact into position for its journey back to the Primary Universe.
No one knows how or why a Receiver will be chosen.
The Living Receiver is often blessed with a Fourth Dimensional Powers. These include increased strength, telekinesis, mind control, and the ability to conjure fire and water.
The Living Receiver is often tormented by terrifying dreams, visions and auditory hallucinations during his time within the Tangent Universe.
These surrounding the Living Receiver, known as the Manipulated, will fear him and try to destroy him.
Chapter Seven
The Manipulated Living
The Manipulated Living are often the close friends and neighbors of the Living Receiver.
They are prone to irrational, bizarre, and often violent behavior. This is the unfortunate result of their task, which is to assist the Living Receiver in returning the Artifact to the Primary Universe.
The Manipulated Living will do anything to save themselves from Oblivion.
Chapter Ten
The Manipulated Dead
The Manipulated Dead are more powerful than the Living Receiver. If a person dies within the Tangent Dimension, they are able to contact the Living Receiver through the Fourth Dimensional Construct.
The Fourth Dimensional Construct is made of Water.
The Manipulated Dead will manipulate the Living Receiver using the Fourth Dimensional Construct (see Appendix A and B).
The Manipulated Dead will often set an Ensurance Trap for the Living Receiver to ensure that the Artifact is returned safely to the Primary Universe.
If the Ensurance Trap is successful, the Living Receiver is left with no choice but to use his Fourth Dimensional Power to send the Artifact back in time into the Primary Universe before the Black hole collapses upon itself.
Chapter Twelve
Dreams
When the Manipulated awaken from their Journey into the Tangent Universe, they are often haunted by the experience in their dreams.
Many of them will not remember.
Those who do remember the Journey are often overcome with profound remorse for the regretful actions buried within their Dreams, the only physical evidence buried within the Artifact itself, all that remains from the lost world.
Ancient myth tells us of the Mayan Warrior killed by an Arrowhead that had fallen from a cliff, where there was no Army, no enemy to be found.
We are told of the Medieval Knight mysteriously impaled by sword he had not yet built.
We are told that these things occur for a reason.
NOTES
Living Receiver
Donnie Darko
Manipulated Dead
Frank Anderson
Gretchen Ross
Manipulated Living
Edward Darko
Rose Darko
Elizabeth Darko
Samantha Darko
Katherine Farmer
Elisabeth Farmer
Jim Cunningham
Kenneth Monnitoff
Karen Pomeroy
Larry Cole
Cherita Chen
Seth Devlin
Ricky Danforth
Joanie James
Susan Bates
Susan Bailey
Sean Smith
Leroy Jones
Carter
Linda Connie
Roberta Sparrow"
Foreword
I would like to thank the sisters of the Saint John Chapel in Alexandria, Virginia for their support in my decision.
By the grace of God, they are:
Sister Eleanor Lewis
Sister Francesca Godiani
Sister Helen Davis
Sister Catherine Arnold
Sister Mary Lee Pond
Sister Virginia Wessex
This intent of this short book is for it to be used as a simple and direct guide in a time of great danger.
I pray that this is merely a work of fiction.
If it is not, then I pray for you, the reader of this book.
If I am still alive when the events foretold in these pages occur, then I hope that you will find me before it is too late.
Roberta Ann Sparrow
October, 1944
Chapter One
The Tangent Universe
The Primary Universe is fraught with great peril. War, plague, famine and natural disaster are common. Death comes to us all.
The Fourth Dimension of Time is a stable construct, though it is not impenetrable.
Incidents when the fabric of the fourth dimension becomes corrupted are incredibly rare.
If a Tangent Universe occurs, it will be highly unstable, sustaining itself for no longer than several weeks.
Eventually it will collapse upon itself, forming a black hole within the Primary Universe capable of destroying all existence.
Chapter Two
Water And Metal
Water and Metal are the key elements of Time Travel.
Water is the barrier element for the construction of Time Portals used as gateways between Universes as the Tangent Vortex.
Metal is the transitional element for the construction of Artifact Vessels.
Chapter Four
The Artifact And The Living
When a Tangent Universe occurs, those living nearest to the Vortex, will find themselves at the epicenter of a dangerous new world.
Artifacts provide the first sign that a Tangent Universe has occurred.
If an Artifact occurs, the Living will retrieve it with great interest and curiosity. Artifacts are formed from metal, such as an Arrowhead from an ancient Mayan civilization, or a Metal Sword from Medieval Europe.
Artifacts returned to the Primary Universe are often linked to religious Iconography, as their appearance on Earth seems to defy logical explanation.
Divine intervention is deemed the only logical conclusion for the appearance of the Artifact.
Chapter Six
The Living Receiver
The Living Receiver is chosen to guide the Artifact into position for its journey back to the Primary Universe.
No one knows how or why a Receiver will be chosen.
The Living Receiver is often blessed with a Fourth Dimensional Powers. These include increased strength, telekinesis, mind control, and the ability to conjure fire and water.
The Living Receiver is often tormented by terrifying dreams, visions and auditory hallucinations during his time within the Tangent Universe.
These surrounding the Living Receiver, known as the Manipulated, will fear him and try to destroy him.
Chapter Seven
The Manipulated Living
The Manipulated Living are often the close friends and neighbors of the Living Receiver.
They are prone to irrational, bizarre, and often violent behavior. This is the unfortunate result of their task, which is to assist the Living Receiver in returning the Artifact to the Primary Universe.
The Manipulated Living will do anything to save themselves from Oblivion.
Chapter Ten
The Manipulated Dead
The Manipulated Dead are more powerful than the Living Receiver. If a person dies within the Tangent Dimension, they are able to contact the Living Receiver through the Fourth Dimensional Construct.
The Fourth Dimensional Construct is made of Water.
The Manipulated Dead will manipulate the Living Receiver using the Fourth Dimensional Construct (see Appendix A and B).
The Manipulated Dead will often set an Ensurance Trap for the Living Receiver to ensure that the Artifact is returned safely to the Primary Universe.
If the Ensurance Trap is successful, the Living Receiver is left with no choice but to use his Fourth Dimensional Power to send the Artifact back in time into the Primary Universe before the Black hole collapses upon itself.
Chapter Twelve
Dreams
When the Manipulated awaken from their Journey into the Tangent Universe, they are often haunted by the experience in their dreams.
Many of them will not remember.
Those who do remember the Journey are often overcome with profound remorse for the regretful actions buried within their Dreams, the only physical evidence buried within the Artifact itself, all that remains from the lost world.
Ancient myth tells us of the Mayan Warrior killed by an Arrowhead that had fallen from a cliff, where there was no Army, no enemy to be found.
We are told of the Medieval Knight mysteriously impaled by sword he had not yet built.
We are told that these things occur for a reason.
NOTES
Living Receiver
Donnie Darko
Manipulated Dead
Frank Anderson
Gretchen Ross
Manipulated Living
Edward Darko
Rose Darko
Elizabeth Darko
Samantha Darko
Katherine Farmer
Elisabeth Farmer
Jim Cunningham
Kenneth Monnitoff
Karen Pomeroy
Larry Cole
Cherita Chen
Seth Devlin
Ricky Danforth
Joanie James
Susan Bates
Susan Bailey
Sean Smith
Leroy Jones
Carter
Linda Connie
Roberta Sparrow"
--------------------
已经忘记飘落的紫丁香和雨巷的味道
已经忘记飘落的紫丁香和雨巷的味道
