在我心中12 Monkeys是极少数当得起“伟大”二字的科幻片之一, my top 3 scifi。如果有所谓postmodern film的话,这片无疑也算一个,它既有Brazil对于制度的批判,其对modernity奉为神圣的那些意识形态与价值所带来的诸种异化的批判在科幻片中无出其右;又直接引用Vertigo,La Jetee,并同样的poetic & romantic;更融入了过去/将来,主观/客观两对矛盾,在运用时间性与虚实手法方面科幻片中无出其右,虚实手法的运用也使其比一些表面上使用某种特定非线性叙事的电影更为前卫,后者因为特定而易于定性。
最伟大的科幻片必须在展现人类对世界vision方面具有思辨性与前瞻性,这也往往使其超越了纯粹科幻片的范畴,涉及到人类的一些最根本的问题。


左图:伴随画外12 Monkeys Theme Music,画面上螺旋一圈圈旋转,类似Vertigo开场的visual pattern。
右图:12只猴子首尾相连围成一圈,视觉上形成时钟的造型,暗示影片关于时间的主题。同时它们的首尾相连也暗合了影片的时间观,the future is history,过去与未来以一种神秘的方式相互呼应。
我似乎忽略了这两个画面的共有元素--Monkey,Monkey到底有什么意义?
让我们先来看下片中明确指涉Monkey的地方:
在精神病院看到电视上科学家用猴子等生物作实验时,Jeffrey(Brad Pitt)有如下评论:Torture experiment, we are all Monkeys!
Jeffrey把自己(一个被社会视作异己,"收容"在精神病院,注射各种药物进行催眠,镇静,驯化的存在)与实验室中同样被驯化,在科学的名义下被解剖、研究的生物相提并论。如果说Monkey是modernity奉为神圣的科学之祭品,那么Jeffrey这样的精神病人又是什么呢?
12 Monkeys这部作品并不简单,为分析方便我把影片主体分为几个部分
The Time Travel,The Science Fiction
第一部分(从影片开始到Cole被Time Machine送至1990年前夕)
开场先是如下字幕:1997年,在一种致命病毒的侵袭之后,50亿人死亡,余下的人被迫躲到地下,地面重归动物世界。2035年*James Cole(Bruce Willis)被送回过去,目的是获取这种致命病毒的有关信息,以便科学家们能够从中找到对抗方法,使人类重回地面。
开场往往是定调与叙事交代的段落,也往往决定观众对影片的最初理解。本片是一个典型的科幻类型片开场,视觉上无论地下还是地面都表现为post-apocalyptic look,各种未来科技,Time Machine等等呈现于观众眼前;叙事上则先是交代了Virus Attack, World Destroyed的背景,然后引出提出一个明确的目标,按照好莱坞类型片套路,接下来就是主人公不断克服各种艰难险阻,或许还因此结识了一红颜知己,最终取得成功,拯救了人类的故事。是这样吗?
*2035年是剧本上的说法,正片中没有明确出现过这一年份。
** 关于post-apocalyptic look,值得注意的是影片的拍摄地费城,这个城市也确实有点末日风貌--曾是美国最早的首都,但二战后基本就荒掉了,以致俺UPenn的同学直接称其为“废城”。
The System,Madness & Civilization
第二部分(1990)
讲Cole被Time Machine错误送至1990年,Cole没有身份(No driver's license,No Social Security Card),年代错乱(开始认为"现在"是1996年,后来又说1996也是过去,越解释越让听者相信他是神经病),说话匪夷所思(赞叹监狱里的空气very fresh,然后一大套病毒爆发,世界毁灭的理论)... 种种妄想型精神病患者的典型症状。
下面是Cole与Dr Railly的初次见面(之后两人将会发生一段romance,讽刺的是,他们的初次邂逅却发生在看守所,very unromantic.)
RAILLY Mr. Cole? My name is Doctor Railly. I'm a psychiatrist. I work for the County -- I don't work for the police. My only concern is your well being -- do you understand that?
RAILLY I'm going to be completely honest. I'm not going to lie to you. I can't make the police let you go...but I do want to help you. And I want you to trust me. Can you do that, James? May I call you "James"?
Dr Railly采用的是典型的精神分析师的说话方式(psychiatrist talk),先是抚慰Cole,诱使其信任自己,其后的每个问题则都隐蔽地试图研究他。不幸地是这些问题往往遭遇非常荒谬没有逻辑的回答。比如:
RAILLY Do you know why you're here, James.
COLE Because I'm a good observer. Because I have a tough mind.
RAILLY I see. You don't remember assaulting a police officer...several officers?



这实在是个冷笑话,作为提问者的Dr Railly对自己的问题自然有一个答案--Cole袭警,所以被送来看守所,但Cole却误解了她的问题,回答的是“未来世界”的科学家当初把他送到这个过去世界的原因(如上图)。于是这个对Cole来说十分正常的回答在Dr Railly眼中就是一个典型的精神病人的呓语 (psycho talk)。这个冷笑话也暗示不同视点可能带来完全相谬的真理。
再来看看第二部分最精采处--精神病院里Jeffery的那段对话的的视频
摘引部分台词在此
JEFFREY Here's the games. Games vegitize you. If you play the games, you'revoluntarily taking a tranquilizer.
COLE I need to make a telephone call.
JEFFREY A telephone call? That's communication with the outside world! Doctor's discretion. Hey, if all these nuts could just make phone calls, it could spread. Insanity oozing through telephone cables, oozing into the ears of all those poor sane people, infecting them! Whackos everywhere! A plague of madness. (suddenly sly and confidential)
In fact, very few of us here are actually mentally ill. I'm not saying you're not mentally ill, for all I know you're crazy as a loon. But that's not why you're here. that's not why you're here!Why you're here is because
of the system.
(indicating the TV) There's the TV. It's all right there. Commercials. We are not productive anymore, they don't need us to make things anymore, it's all automated. What are we for then? We're consumers. Okay, buy a lot of stuff, you're a good citizen. But if you don't buy a lot of stuff, you know what? You're mentally ill! That's a fact! If you don't buy things...toilet paper, new cars, computerized blenders, electrically operated sexual devices...
(getting hysterical) SCREWDRIVERS WITH MINIATURE BUILT-IN RADAR DEVICES, STEREO SYSTEMS WITH BRAIN IMPLANTED HEADPHONES, VOICE-ACTIVATED COMPUTERS, AND...
JEFFREY Seriously, more and more people are being defined now as mentally ill. Why? Because they're not consuming on their own. But as patients, they becone consumers of mental health care. And this gives the so-called sane people work!
(hysteria again) WHOOO! SHOCK THERAPY! GROUP THERAPY!
HALLUCINATIONS! THERAPEUTIC DRUGS! IGGIDY DIGGIDY DIG! PERFECT! THE SYSTEM IN HARMONY LIKE A BIG MACHINE...
再来一段